Which of the following statements is true regarding enzymatic reactions

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1. All require a coenzyme for their activity.
2. All are activity at neutral pH.
3. All require a molecule of water for their activity.
4. All lower the energy of activation.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : All lower the energy of activation.

Free

15 Questions 60 Marks 15 Mins

Concept:

• Enzymes are protein molecules that act as biological catalysts.
• They help in increasing the rate of chemical reactions that take place in living beings.

Explanation:

• All require a coenzyme for their activity: NOT TRUE
  • ​Coenzymes are non-protein, organic molecules that can bind to enzymes to enhance or facilitate the enzyme activity.
  • They are usually vitamins or vitamin derivatives.
  • ​But not all enzymes require coenzymes to function.
• All are activity at neutral pH: NOT TRUE
  • ​The optimum pH of an enzyme depends on the location where it functions.
  • For example, stomach enzymes function in acidic pH, while in small intestine enzymes function in a slightly basic pH.
  • Therefore, all enzyme activity do not occur at neutral pH.
• All require a molecule of water for their activity: NOT TRUE
  • ​Enzyme activity has been found to be enhanced in the presence of water.
  • However, enzymes may still be functional in the absence of water.
• All lower the energy of activation: TRUE
  • ​Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy.
  • Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to activate atoms or molecules so that they can undergo chemical transformations in a reaction.
  • The lower the activation energy, the faster will be the reaction catalyzed by an enzyme.

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Problem 1 Tutorial: Features of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

Which statement about enzyme catalyzed reactions is NOT true?

A.	enzymes form complexes with their substrates.
B.	enzymes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions.
C.	enzymes change the Keq for chemical reactions.
D.	many enzymes change shape slightly when substrate binds.
E.	reactions occur at the "active site" of enzymes, where a precise 3D orientation of amino acids is an important feature of catalysis.

Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy. Many enzymes change shape when substrates bind. This is termed "induced fit", meaning that the precise orientation of the enzyme required for catalytic activity can be induced by the binding of the substrate.

Enzymes have active sites. The enzyme active site is the location on the enzyme surface where substrates bind, and where the chemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme occurs. There is a precise substrate interaction that occurs at the active site stabilized by numerous weak interactions (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic contacts, and van der Waals forces).

Enzymes form complexes with their substrates. The binding of a substrate to an enzyme active site is termed the "enzyme-substrate complex." A generic equation for complex formation is as follows:

Change ΔG for a reaction. As shown in the graphs above, enzymes only lower activation energy, but do not change the difference in energy levels between reactants and products.

Convert a nonspontaneous reaction into a spontaneous reaction.

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