In our daily life, we use different products. And, always keep in search of pure products as mostly also found written on the packaging of items. But scientifically the term pure is used for those matters which are made up of particles that have the same chemical nature or formation. Hence, the majority of substances surrounding us are mixtures of two or more constituent particles. Anything that has mass and occupies space made up of small tiny particles is called matter. As the mixture consists of different constituents, these constituents can be separated with the help of some physical methods like handpicking, weaving, sedimentation, etc. Show In the article, we focused on the methods of separation used to separate the constituents from a mixture of a solid and liquid. The methods include the process of sedimentation, filtration, crystallization, and evaporation in which solid can be obtained separately in a dry state as well as liquid in its pure form. Mixture
The result of the combination of components does not lose their uniqueness, nor are they chemically merged. A mixture is the final result of mechanically blending or combining chemical components such as elements and compounds. Mixtures are made up of two or more unrelated compounds that have not been chemically mixed. The following are the properties of mixtures.
Types of Mixture
Separation of Mixture of Solid and LiquidA mixture of solid and liquid can be found in a homogeneous solution or heterogeneous mixture. The liquid in which the solid substance is mixed or gets dissolved is known as a solvent. Whereas, the dissolving solid constituent is known as solute. These solute and solvents can be separated in their pure form by the usage of different techniques for the separation of mixtures. Some common methods to separate solid and liquid from a mixture are mentioned below:
Evaporation
The liquid substance which dissolves the solid substance or solute is called a solvent. Whereas, the solid substance which gets dissolved in a liquid is called the solute. Let’s understand the process with a demonstration of the given figure The process of evaporation
Here, the water is separated in the form of vapor and solid is obtained in the dry state. Factors Affecting Rate of Evaporation
Advantages of Evaporation
Disadvantages of Evaporation
Application of Evaporation
Filtration
The Process of Filtration For example, we can filter insoluble solid particles from a mixture of sand and water with the help of filter paper. The clear water received in the beaker is called filtrate and the solid particles which remain are called the residue. Factors affecting Filtration
Advantages of filtration
Disadvantages of Filtration
Application of Filtration
Sedimentation
It is defined as the process through which solids are separated from liquids. All of the solids sink to the bottom of the beaker, leaving a clear layer of liquid on top. Sedimentation is the process through which heavier contaminants in a liquid, often water, settle to the bottom of the container housing the mixture. It takes some time to complete the process. A simple experiment may be used to study the sedimentation process. Fill a jar halfway with garden type mud, add some water, shake vigorously, and leave it alone for a few minutes. After a period, the gravel and rocks have settled below, stand above, and so on. Essentially, the garden variety mud has produced soil layers based on various. Crystallization
Crystallization is generally used to obtain the pure form or crystal of any substance. In the process, crystals are extracted from a supersaturated solution, and the liquid left behind is termed as mother liquor. Crystallization is the process by which the atoms or molecules of a substance organise themselves in a well-defined three-dimensional lattice, reducing the total energy of the system. When a material is crystallised, its atoms or molecules link together at well-defined angles. The Process of Crystallization Factors affecting Crystallization
Advantages of crystallization
Disadvantages of Crystallization
Sample ProblemsProblem 1: Can a heterogeneous mixture be the solution? Solution:
Problem 2: What would you consider seawater a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? Solution:
Problem 3: Which is more preferential evaporation of crystallization? Solution:
Problem 4: Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
Problem 5. How would you know that the given liquid is pure water?
Problem 6. Are all the materials present around us pure?
Problem 7. Is the solution always found in a liquid state? Solution:
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