lo 1 Explain the four chemical reactions that take place during permanent waving.lo 2 Explain the difference between an alkaline wave and a true acid wave. Show Get answer to your question and much more Get answer to your question and much more lo 3 Explain the purpose of neutralization in permanent waving. Get answer to your question and much more The natural pH of hair is between 4.5 and 5.5. Disulfide bonds cannot typically be broken by water. You should always perform an elasticity test before perming a client's hair. Alkaline permanent waving solutions tighten the cuticle, causing the hair to contract and curl. When perming porous hair, you should use a highly alkaline permanent waving solution. In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place toward the end of the processing time, after about 15 to 20 minutes. When perming a client's hair, you should rinse the hair with a strong blast of hot water. When wrapping hair for a perm, you should always wrap against the natural growth pattern. Normalizing lotions have an acidic pH. When performing a hair relaxing service, you should never apply a hydroxide relaxer on hair that has been previously treated with a thio relaxer. Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together. Weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between opposite electrical charges. Long, coiled polypeptide chains. Chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end-to-end, in long chains. Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Adding wave or curl to the hair is called: The tough exterior layer of the hair structure is called the: Which of these is NOT one of the three types of side bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains that make up the cortex? In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is: Which of the side bonds is strongest? Hydrogen bonds can be broken by: During the client consultation, Citra identifies Holly's hair as mildly porous. With this in mind, which type of perm would be an appropriate choice for Holly? During the client consultation, Citra discussed the different types of curls that they could achieve, and Holly decided that she would prefer curls that are tighter in the center and looser on the ends. With this in mind, which type of perm rod should Citra use when perming Holly's hair? Citra is using the basic permanent wrap method to perm Holly's hair. As Citra divides Holly's hair into panels, how wide should she make them? equal to the length of the rod As Citra perms Holly's hair, she should: check the nape of the neck for excess moisture prior to neutralizing the hair About how long should it take for Holly's hair to process? Breaking the side bonds of the _____ makes it possible to change the natural wave pattern of the hair. A(n) _____ is a relatively weak physical side bond that is the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges. The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the addition of _____. In permanent waving, _____ stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form. The most common type of perm rods are _____ rods. The _____ wrap is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped. When you use _____ placement, you wrap the hair at 45 degrees below the center of the base section. In a(n) _____ perm wrap, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. When using the piggyback technique, you should place the base rod in the middle of the strand and then wrap the strand: one revolution around the rod while holding the strand to the side of the rod When applying hydroxide relaxer to virgin hair, you should: apply relaxer to the top of the strand first What will happen if you use a spiral wrap when perming a client's hair? The size of the curl will remain constant along the entire length of the strand Chemical texture procedures involve changing the structure of the hair: both physically and chemically The natural pH of hair is between: Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are: Peptide bonds are also known as: The strongest of the three side bonds are: Salt bonds are broken by: Which end paper technique uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope? Base placement is determined by the: angle at which the hair is wrapped For _____ placement, the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. In half off-base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of: 90 degrees or perpendicular to the base section A _____ perm wrap is wrapped perpendicular to the length of the rod, in overlapping concentric layers. The strength of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of: What is the active ingredient in alkaline permanents? Cold wave is another term for a(n) _____ wave. What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions? True acid waves have a pH between: A pH of _____ is neutral for hair. What kind of waves are sulfites used in? What two important functions are performed by the neutralization process? deactivating waving solution and rebuilding disulfide bonds Thio neutralization rebuilds disulfide bonds by: The basic permanent wrap is also known as a: Which wrapping pattern uses pie-shaped base sections? The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows is: The neutralizer used with thio relaxers is usually: Which straightening method combines use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing? Japanese thermal straightening Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers are advertised and sold as _____ relaxers. What is used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing? The application for a virgin relaxer starts _____ away from the scalp. A _____ is a thio-based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves. A _____ is a conditioner with an acidic pH that conditions hair and restores the natural pH prior to shampooing. Generally, keratin straightening treatments eliminate up to what percent of frizz and curl? The side bonds of the _____ must be broken in order to change the natural wave pattern of the hair. Which type of hair requires a highly alkaline chemical solution? Polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids joined together by _____ bonds. A _____ bond is NOT a type of side bond. Hydrogen bonds can be broken by: Disulfide bonds account for about _____ of the hair's overall strength. The base direction can be: horizontal, vertical, or diagonal The reduction reaction in permanent waving is due to the: Which of these is NOT a component of all exothermic waves? Which type of metal is NOT commonly used to form ionic compounds in metal hydroxide relaxers? When the silicone polymers and formalin in keratin-based straightening treatments are heated to high temperatures, they release: An acid-balanced wave has a pH of: A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately _____ percent of the hair's disulfide bonds. Which type of perm should you recommend if the client has very damaged hair? Underprocessed hair is usually: straighter at the scalp and curlier at the ends What is the primary benefit of ammonia-free waves? They do not have a strong odor. The strength of any permanent wave is based on the:
concentration of its reducing agent occurs when too many disulfide bonds are broken The first function of thio neutralization is the: deactivation of any remaining waving lotion When performing a perm, you should always: smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed A preliminary test curl will NOT answer which of these questions? Is the client allergic to any of the products that will be used? How long is a typical soft bender rod? Which method of wrapping provides the most control over the hair ends? With the _____, base sections are offset from each other row by row. The _____ uses zigzag partings to divide base areas. The double-rod wrap technique is especially effective on _____ hair. When performing a permanent wave, you should: immediately replace towels that have become wet with solution When performing a test to determine whether metallic salts are present, the hair will _____ in the solution if metallic salts are present. Thio relaxers use the same ATG that is used in permanent waving, but at a: higher concentration and a higher pH Which type of relaxers are commonly called lye relaxers? The sulfites used as low-pH hair relaxers are compatible with: It is recommended that you apply base cream when using: both base relaxers and no-base relaxers A super-strength relaxer is recommended if the client has _____ hair. When performing a chemical hair relaxing service, it is appropriate to: conduct periodic strand tests during the service Which type of wave is activated by an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood-type hair dryer? What are the two important functions of neutralization?Neutralization performs two important functions: Any waving solution that remains in the hair is deactivated (neutralized). Disulfide bonds that were broken by the waving solution are rebuilt.
How do Thio relaxers straighten the hair?How do thio relaxers straighten the hair? Thio relaxers break disulfide bonds and soften the hair. After enough bonds are broken, the hair is straightened into its new shape.
When performing a perm you should always?Chemical Texture/ haircoloring. What neutralizer is typically used with Thio relaxers?The neutralization used with thio relaxers is an oxidizing agent, usually hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation reaction caused by the neutralizer rebuilds the disulfide bonds that were broken by the thio relaxer.
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The first function of thio neutralization is the
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