Define evidence-based practice as it relates to athletic training clinical practice.

EBP is a method of effectively translating EBM into practice: using the best existing evidence and research, knowledge of clinical experts, and patient preferences, in clinical practice.

Define evidence-based practice as it relates to athletic training clinical practice.

What is Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)?

EBM is "the conscientious use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions about patient care". This original definition is attributed to this article by Sackett, et al.

  • Evidence-Based Medicine: What It Is and What It Isn't

    Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M.C., Gray, J.A.M., Hayes, R.B., & Richardson, W.S. (1996). Evidence-based medicine: What is its and what is isn't. British Medical Journal, 312(7023), 71-72.

Why Conduct EBM Research?

Athletic trainers conduct Evidence-Based research to support Evidence-Based Practice. Trainers use EBM because they want the best outcomes for their patients. 

The Focus = finding evidence of the best methods, interventions and practices
The Evidence = found in the most current professional research literature
The Goal = best outcomes for the patient

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The most common definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is from Dr. David Sackett. EBP is “the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.” (Sackett D, 1996) EBP is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence into the decision making process for patient/athlete care. Clinical expertise refers to the athletic trainer's cumulated experience, education and clinical skills. The patient/athlete brings to the encounter his or her own personal preferences and unique concerns, expectations, and values. The best research evidence is usually found in clinically relevant research that has been conducted using sound methodology. (Sackett D, 2002)

Define evidence-based practice as it relates to athletic training clinical practice.

The evidence, by itself, does not make the decision, but it can help support the patient care process. The full integration of these three components into clinical decisions enhances the opportunity for optimal clinical outcomes and quality of life. The practice of EBP is usually triggered by patient/athlete encounters which generate questions about the effects of therapy, the utility of diagnostic tests, the prognosis of diseases, and/or the etiology of disorders.

Evidence-Based Practice requires new skills of the athletic trainer, including efficient literature searching, and the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature.

The Steps in the EBP Process:

These steps are based on Athletic Training Education Competencies created by NATA. 

1. ASK
the question using PICO
Create a well built clinical question derived from the case using PICO
2. SEARCH
for evidence
Select the appropriate resource(s) and conduct a search
3. APPRAISE
the evidence
Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice)
4. APPLY:
talk with the athlete

Return to the athlete -- integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, athlete preferences and apply it to practice. 

5. EVALUATE
the outcomes
Evaluate the desired outcomes with the athlete

6.  INFORM
with CATS

Communicate what you learned in your evidence-based practice with the greater athletic training and allied health community.

What is evidence

It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.” (Sackett D, 1996) EBP is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence into the decision making process for patient/athlete care.

Why is evidence

The most efficient, systematic, and thorough resource of its kind, Evidence-Based Practice in Athletic Training encourages students and current certified athletic trainers to ask meaningful questions, gain the knowledge they need for excelling in future practice, and rise to the top of their profession.

What is an example of evidence

As an example, an research issue described as "best method to tape an knee where the athlete suffers from tendinitis" is very broad, as there are a number of tendons in the vicinity of the knee that might be afflicted; a better, EBP styled question would be "best method to tape a knee with patellar tendinitis," which ...

What is Evidence

Evidence-based practice includes the integration of best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and circumstances related to patient and client management, practice management, and health policy decision-making. All three elements are equally important.