Why is Lake Superior called Gitche Gumee?

Q: What is lake Gitche Gumee known as today?

Lake Superior is referred to as Gitche Gumee in the song The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, by Gordon Lightfoot. The lake was named le lac supérieur, or Upper Lake, in the seventeenth century by French explorers because it was located above Lake Huron.(Nute, 1946)

Lake Superior (French: Lac Supérieur) is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America. The lake is shared by the province of Ontario to the north in Canada, the states of Minnesota to the west, Wisconsin and Michigan to the south in the United States. It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It is the world's third-largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America.

Índice Show

The Gales of November
Where the Wreck Lies
About The Lookout Trail
What is the legend of Gitche Gumee?
What is lake Gitche Gumee known as today?
Why do bodies not decompose in Lake Superior?
What do Indians call Lake Superior?

The Ojibwe call the lake gichi-gami, meaning "be a great sea." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote the name as "Gitche Gumee" in The Song of Hiawatha, as did Gordon Lightfoot in his song, "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". According to other sources the actual Ojibwe name is Ojibwe Gichigami or Anishinaabe Gichigami. The first French explorers approaching the great inland sea by way of the Ottawa River and Lake Huron during the 17th century referred to their discovery as le lac supérieur.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org

Situated in the Northeastern part of the country, the Great Lakes border Canada and are among the United States’ most prized natural resources. Superior, Huron, Eerie, Michigan and Ontario are all part of the Great Lakes, having received their names in extraordinary circumstances that continue to be remembered today through exquisite nautical artwork.

Lake Superior used to be called gitche-gumee, meaning “Great Water” and was later used in the Song of Hiawatha. It was, however, the French who gave the lake the name that stands even today. Superior comes from the French “superieur,” and the term was used as the “Upper Lake” due to the fact that the French were among the first ones to explore that area.

When it comes to Lake Michigan, it has to be understood that the lake was named first, and the state was named after it. The name Michigan originates in “meshi-gami,” which means “big lake.”

Lake Huron was named after the Hurons, which were named that way by European settlers. The word “huron” in French means "bristle-haired" and it was an apt name given to the natives of the area in question, after whom the Lake of Huron would eventually be named.

Eerie also comes from French and originates in the word Rhiienhonons, which means “racoon nation.” At the same time, Lake Ontario was actually named after a Wyandot name. In Wyandot, ontariio means Great Lake.

Why Gordon Lightfoot's Classic Song is so Memorable

Lake Superior: Awe-inspiring, beautiful and cruel – The Greatest of the Great Lakes.

On November 10, 1975, ore carrier Edmund Fitzgerald, sank in Lake Superior during a November storm, taking the lives of all 29 crew members. Later that month, Canadian singer/songwriter Gordon Lightfoot, inspired by an article in Newsweek Magazine, wrote what is probably his most famous song: "Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald."

The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down
of the big lake they called "Gitche Gumee."
The lake, it is said, never gives up her dead
when the skies of November turn gloomy.
With a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons more
than the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed empty,
that good ship and true was a bone to be chewed
when the "Gales of November" came early.

The ship was the pride of the American side
coming back from some mill in Wisconsin.
As the big freighters go, it was bigger than most
with a crew and good captain well seasoned,
concluding some terms with a couple of steel firms
when they left fully loaded for Cleveland.
And later that night when the ship's bell rang,
could it be the north wind they'd been feelin'?

Does anyone know where the love of God goes
when the waves turn the minutes to hours?
The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay
if they'd put fifteen more miles behind 'er.
They might have split up or they might have capsized;
they may have broke deep and took water.
And all that remains is the faces and the names
of the wives and the sons and the daughters.

Lake Huron rolls, Superior sings
in the rooms of her ice-water mansion.
Old Michigan steams like a young man's dreams;
the islands and bays are for sportsmen.
And farther below Lake Ontario
takes in what Lake Erie can send her,
And the iron boats go as the mariners all know
with the Gales of November remembered.

In a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed,
in the "Maritime Sailors' Cathedral."
The church bell chimed 'til it rang twenty-nine times
for each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald.
The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down
of the big lake they call "GitcheGumee."
"Superior," they said, "never gives up her dead
when the gales of November come early!"

To anyone that may remember this wonderful song (it hit #2 on the Billboard pop chart in 1976), written in dedication to the 29 souls that rest forever in the depths of Lake Superior, you only have to hear the first few lines before the haunting melody becomes stuck in your mind and heart.

The Gales of November

It was the gales of November on Lake Superior that sunk the Edmund Fitzgerald. The November Gales is a phenomenon that each year brings photographers and artists to the shores of this great lake to capture the energy, power and emotion of this great body of water as it surges and fights the coming winter. Today, whether by canvas or by point-and-shoot, acclaimed and novice artists gather to capture the strength of Lake Superior as it cascades and crashes into shorelines that, just a few short months earlier, were filled with sunbathers on those hot, sultry summer days in Algoma. It's a body of water that commands respect and that can turn on you if you fail to show her deference when the calendar rolls to November.

Where the Wreck Lies

What few visitors realize, as they enjoy the beauty and tranquillity of the Big Lake in the summer, is that you can stop along the highway at Pancake Bay Provincial Park and hike The Lookout Trail where you can view the Pancake Bay area and the direction of where the Edmund Fitzgerald's final resting place is located.

(The ship lies in about 300 feet of water -- half its length -- almost directly west of Pancake Bay, west of Coppermine Point, on the Canadian side of the border). In fact, there are five shipwrecks around Pancake Bay / Coppermine Point and one of them is called the Batchawana which sank in 1907. While you enjoy the majesty of mighty Lake Superior, should the haunting tune of Gordon Lightfoot enter your mind, close your eyes and remember the November Gales of 1975.

Photo courtesy of Dave Sproule, Ontario Parks.

The Edmund Fitzgerald is amongst the largest and best-known vessels lost on the Great Lakes. She is not alone on the Lake Superior seabed in this area. In the years between 1816, when the Invincible was lost, to the sinking of the Fitzgerald in 1975, the Whitefish Point area has claimed at least 240 ships.

About The Lookout Trail

Hike the entire trail or 14 km (5 to 7 hours), or do the 7 km return (2 to 3 hours) to the Lookout
It's located across the Pancake Bay Provincial Park campground
The stretch of water from the Lookout is known as the "graveyard of the Great Lakes"
There are 2 viewing platforms
Be sure to wear sturdy shoes or hiking boots, and pack food and water

Resources

List of Lake Superior Wrecks
Shipwrecks of Lake Superior

What is the legend of Gitche Gumee?

“The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down, of the big lake they call Gitche Gumee. Superior they say, never gives up her dead, when the gales of November come early." On this day 44 years ago, the Edmund Fitzgerald went down in Lake Superior. The 29 crew members sank with the freighter hauling iron ore.

What is lake Gitche Gumee known as today?

Lake Superior is referred to as "Gitche Gumee" in the song The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, by Gordon Lightfoot. The lake was named le lac supérieur, or "Upper Lake," in the seventeenth century by French explorers because it was located above Lake Huron.(Nute, 1946)

Why do bodies not decompose in Lake Superior?

The cold waters of Lake Superior keeps its dead intact because it's too cold for bacteria to live in, and thus they never "bloat and float" as bodies in warmer climates would, as the gases that cause the bloat are the result of bacterial action.

What do Indians call Lake Superior?

Lake Superior Kitchi-gummi, a Chippewa Indian translation, signifies Great-water or Great-lake. A Jesuit name, Lac Tracy, was never officially adopted. An Indian name for Lake Superior was "Kitchi gami" (or "Kitchi-gummi").