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Specified Answer for: a apoptosis 3 [a] are special DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes and whose erosion contribues to cellular aging and death. 4 The mRNA base sequence that is complementary to the DNA base sequence ATC would be [a]. 5 T/F Answer: False 6 T/F 7 T/F 8 If the concentration of solutes int he ECF and ICF are equal, the cells is in a(n) __________________ solution. 9 Which membrane protein is incorrectly matched with its function? carrier: allows cells to recognize each other and foreign cells. 10 Place the following steps in protein synthesis in the correct order. __. protein detaches from ribosome when ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA Correct Order 1. attachment of RNA polymerase at promotor 11 Which of the following organelles function primarily in decomposition reactions? (1) ribosomes (2) proteasomes (3) lysosomes (4) centrosomes (5) peroxisomes. 12 Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus are TRUE? (1) Nucleoli within the nucleus are the sites of ribosome synthesis. (2) The nucleus contains the cell's hereditary units (3) The nuclear membrane is a solid, impermeable membrane (4) Protein synthesis occurs within the nucleus. (5) In nondividing cells, DNA is found in the nucleus in the form of chromatin. 13 Match the following terms of cell division with their definitions. prophase, meiosis, cytokinesis, mitosis, metaphase, telophase, , interphase, anaphase ________________ somatic cell division resulting in the formation of two identical cells ________________ reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half ________________ stage when chromatin fibers condense and shorten to form chromosomes ________________ stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle ________________ stage when centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell ________________ stage when chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin ________________ cytoplasmic division ________________ stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs Correct Matching mitosis--somatic cell division resulting in the formation of two identical cells meiosis--reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half prophase--stage when chromatin fibers condense and shorten to form chromosomes metaphase--stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle anaphase--stage when centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell telophase--stage when chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin cytokinesis--cytoplasmic division interphase--stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs 14 Match the following organelles with their descriptions. ribosomes, centrosome, cytoskeleton, rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, smooth ER, cilia, proteasomes, vesicles, flagellum _________________. network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm, providing cellular shape, organization, and movement. _________________. an organizing center for growth of the mitotic spindle _________________. sites of protein synthesis _________________. site where secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized. _________________. functions in synthesizing fatty acids and steroids, helping liver cells release glucose into the blood-stream, and detoxification. _________________. modifies, sorts, packages, and transports molecules synthesized in the rough ER _________________. membrane-enclosed vesicles formed int he Golgi complex that contain strong hydrolytic and digestive enzymes. ________________. membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes that oxidize various organic substances. ________________. function in ATP generation ________________. short microtubular structures extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of materials along the cell's surface. ________________. long microtubular structure extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of a cell. ________________. contain enzymes that break apart unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins into small peptides ________________. membrane-bound sacs that transport, transfer, or secrete proteins Correct Answer for Matching Organelles cytoskeleton--network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm, providing cellular shape, organization, and movement. centrosome--an organizing center for growth of the mitotic spindle ribosomes--sites of protein synthesis rough ER--site where secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized. smooth ER--functions in synthesizing fatty acids and steroids, helping liver cells release glucose into the blood-stream, and detoxification. Golgi complex--modifies, sorts, packages, and transports molecules synthesized int he rough ER lysosomes--membrane-enclosed vesicles formed int he Golgi complex that contain strong hydrolytic and digestive enzymes. peroxisomes--membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes that oxidize various organic substances. mitochondria--function in ATP generation cilia--short microtubular structures extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of materials along the cell's surface. flagellum--long microtubular structure extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of a cell. proteasomes--contain enzymes that break apart unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins into small peptides vesicles--membrane-bound sacs that transport, transfer, or secrete proteins 15 Match the following types of movement through a membrane with their descriptions. facilitated diffusion, osmosis, diffusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular transport, exocytosis, phagocytosis, primary active transport, secondary active transport, pinocytosis _________________. the random mixing of particles in a solution due to the kinetic energy of the particles; substances move from high to low concentrations until equilibrium is reached. _________________. movement of water fom an area of higher to an area of lower water concnetration through a selectively permeable membrane. _________________. passive transport in which a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side. _________________. uses energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to change the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient. __________________. indirectly uses energy obtained fromt eh breakdown of ATP; involves symporters and antiporters. __________________. transport of substances either into or out of the cell by means of small, spherical membranous sac formed by budding off from existing membranes. __________________. type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in. __________________. type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid __________________. movement of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane _________________. process that allows a cell to take specific ligands fromt he ECF by forming vesicles __________________. vesicular movement involving endocytosis on one side of a cell and subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell. Correct Answer for types of movement through a membrane diffusion--the random mixing of particles in a solution due to the kinetic energy of the particles; substances move from high to low concentrations until equilibrium is reached. osmosis--movement of water fom an area of higher to an area of lower water concnetration through a selectively permeable membrane. facilitated diffusion--passive transport in which a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side. primary active transport--uses energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to change the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient. secondary active transport--indirectly uses energy obtained fromt eh breakdown of ATP; involves symporters and antiporters. vesicular transport--transport of substances either into or out of the cell by means of small, spherical membranous sac formed by budding off from existing membranes. phagocytosis--type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in. pinocytosis--type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid exocytosis--movement of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane receptor-mediated endocytosis--process that allows a cell to take specific ligands fromt he ECF by forming vesicles transcytosis--vesicular movement involving endocytosis on one side of a cell and subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell. What organelles function primarily in decomposition reaction?Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Which of the following organelles function primarily in detoxification?Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxification? Explanation: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is responsible for the detoxification of a number of organic chemicals. The smooth ER converts organic substances into water and other soluble products to allow for excretion.
Which organelle functions primarily in the cell for protein synthesis?The ER is the largest organelle in the cell and is a major site of protein synthesis and transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage [1–7].
Which of the following organelles breaks down dead cells?A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
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