The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences. Show DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C with G, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix. The structure of the double helix is somewhat like a ladder, with the base pairs forming the ladder’s rungs and the sugar and phosphate molecules forming the vertical sidepieces of the ladder. An important property of DNA is that it can replicate, or make copies of itself. Each strand of DNA in the double helix can serve as a pattern for duplicating the sequence of bases. This is critical when cells divide because each new cell needs to have an exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell. DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone.  Credit: U.S. National Library of Medicine
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), provides a fact sheet Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) that gives an introduction to this molecule. StatedClearly offers a video introduction to DNA and how it works. The New Genetics, a publication of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, part of the NIH, discusses the structure of DNA and how it was discovered. A basic explanation and illustration of DNA can be found on Arizona State University's "Ask a Biologist" website. The Virtual Genetics Education Centre, created by the University of Leicester, offers additional information on DNA, genes, and chromosomes. An overview of mitochondrial DNA is available from the Neuromuscular Disease Center at Washington University in St. Louis. Other chapters in Help Me Understand Genetics The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. An illustration to show the double helix structure of DNA. How helpful was this page? 👎 👍 SendWhat's the main reason for your rating? SendWhich of these best describes your occupation? Sendhow old are students / how old are you? SendWhat is the first part of your school's postcode? SendHow has the site influenced you (or others)? SendThankyou, we value your feedback! If you have any other comments or suggestions, please let us know at [email protected] FeedbackCan you spare 5-8 minutes to tell us what you think of this website? Open survey What is the significant of DNA?In all living things, DNA is essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and providing instructions for life and its processes. DNA dictates how a human or animal develops and reproduces, and eventually dies. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell.
What are the three characteristics of DNA?DNA building blocks have three components:. Phosphate,. Deoxyribose, and.. Four nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.. What is A unique characteristic of DNA?DNA is a two-stranded molecule. DNA has a unique 'double helix' shape, like a twisted ladder.
What are four characteristics of DNA?The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people.
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What is the most significant characteristics of DNA?
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