What is step 5 in the Graduated driver Training

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

6

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50; 0 with driver's ed.

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 6 a.m.

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

6

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 21

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

6

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

30 (10); 20 (6) with defensive driving course; 0 with driver's ed.

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 (secondary enforcement)

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

6

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 4 a.m.

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21

Teen and Novice Drivers

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. Most programs include three stages:

• Learner Stage: supervised driving, cumulating with a driving test;
• Intermediate Stage: limiting unsupervised driving in high risk situations; and
• Full Privilege Stage: a standard driver's license.

During the 1990s, many states began enacting GDL laws. The programs and types of restrictions vary from state to state. Below are some highlights:

• Cell Phones/Texting: 37 states and D.C. ban all cell phone use by novice drivers. (See GHSA's Cell Phone laws page for more information.)
• Nighttime Driving Restriction: All states except Vermont restrict nighttime driving during the intermediate stage.
• Passenger Restriction: 47 states and D.C. restrict the number of passengers during the intermediate stage.
• Novice Driver Decal: New Jersey is the only state with a measure requiring those younger than 21 without full-privilege licenses to display a decal on their vehicle identifying them as new drivers.

NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on GDL laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate State Highway Safety Office.

Sources: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and State Highway Safety Offices.

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