What is a North American marmot?

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WOODCHUCK

reddish brown North American marmot

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Not to be confused with Marmoset.

Marmots Temporal range: Late Miocene – recent

Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Tribe:	Marmotini
Genus:	Marmota Blumenbach, 1779
Type species
Mus marmota
Species
15, see text

Marmots are large ground squirrels in the genus Marmota, with 15 species living in Asia, Europe, and North America. These herbivores are active during the summer, when they can often be found in groups, but are not seen during the winter, when they hibernate underground. They are the heaviest members of the squirrel family.[1]

Description[edit]

Marmots are large rodents with characteristically short but robust legs, enlarged claws which are well adapted to digging, stout bodies, and large heads and incisors to quickly process a variety of vegetation. While most species are various forms of earthen-hued brown, marmots vary in fur coloration based roughly on their surroundings. Species in more open habitat are more likely to have a paler color, while those sometimes found in well-forested regions tend to be darker.[2][3] Marmots are the heaviest members of the squirrel family. Total length varies typically from about 42 to 72 cm (17 to 28 in) and body mass averages about 2 kg (<span class="frac" role="math">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>&nbsp;lb) in spring in the smaller species and 8&nbsp;kg (18&nbsp;lb) in autumn, at times exceeding 11&nbsp;kg (24&nbsp;lb), in the larger species.<sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_4-0" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Armitage-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edelman_5-0" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Edelman-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage,_K._B._1976_6-0" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Armitage,_K._B._1976-6">[6]</a></sup> The largest and smallest species are not clearly known.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardini_3-1" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Cardini-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_4-1" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Armitage-4">[4]</a></sup> In North America, on the basis of mean linear dimensions and body masses through the year, the smallest species appears to be the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_marmot" title="Alaska marmot">Alaska marmot</a> and the largest is the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_marmot" title="Olympic marmot">Olympic marmot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edelman_5-1" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Edelman-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armitage,_K._B._1976_6-1" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-Armitage,_K._B._1976-6">[6]</a></sup> Some species, such as the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbagan_marmot" title="Tarbagan marmot">Tarbagan marmot</a> in Asia, appear to attain roughly similar body masses to the Olympic marmot, but are not known to reach as high a total length as the Olympic species.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> In the traditional definition of <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernation</a>, the largest marmots are considered the largest "true hibernators" (since larger "hibernators" such as <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bears</a> do not have the same physiological characteristics as <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation#Obligate_hibernation" title="Hibernation">obligate hibernating</a> animals such as assorted <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulipotyphla" title="Eulipotyphla">insectivores</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biology">Biology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Some species live in mountainous areas, such as the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, northern <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathians</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_Mountains" title="Tatra Mountains">Tatras</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> in Europe; northwestern Asia; the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a>, the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ranges" title="Pacific Ranges">Pacific Ranges</a>, and the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> in North America; and the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deosai_National_Park" title="Deosai National Park">Deosai Plateau</a> in <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> in India. Other species prefer rough grassland and can be found widely across North America and the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a>. The slightly smaller and more social <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_dog" title="Prairie dog">prairie dog</a> is not classified in the genus <i>Marmota</i>, but in the related genus <i>Cynomys</i>. </p><p>Marmots typically live in <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">burrows</a> (often within rockpiles, particularly in the case of the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_marmot" title="Yellow-bellied marmot">yellow-bellied marmot</a>), and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernate</a> there through the winter. Most marmots are highly social and use loud whistles to communicate with one another, especially when alarmed. </p><p>Marmots mainly eat greens and many types of <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berries</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:228px"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/226px--Marmot_eating.webm.jpg" controls preload="none" class="thumbimage" width="226" height="127" data-durationhint="44" data-mwtitle="Marmot_eating.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1058528" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1240824" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2112696" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2458144" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.1080p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Full HD WebM (1080P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 1080P" data-transcodekey="1080p.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="4208592" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Full HD VP9 (1080P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 1080P" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="4966608" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,920 × 1,080 (11.04 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-bandwidth="11036192" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-bandwidth="111672" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="136856" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="180" data-bandwidth="205216" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="271640" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="324464" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="533056" data-framerate="30"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marmot_eating.webm/Marmot_eating.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="638960" data-framerate="30"></video> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmot_eating.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Marmot eating flowers</div></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Subgenera_and_species">Subgenera and species</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subgenera and species">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The following is a list of all <i>Marmota</i> species recognized by Thorington and Hoffman<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> plus the recently defined <i>M. kastschenkoi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-forest_14-0" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-forest-14">[14]</a></sup> They divide marmots into two <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenera</a>. </p> <ul><li>Genus <i><b>Marmota</b></i> – marmots <ul><li>Subgenus <i><b>Marmota</b></i> <ul><li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_marmot" title="Alaska marmot">Alaska marmot</a>, Brower's marmot, or <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Range" title="Brooks Range">Brooks Range</a> marmot, <i>M. broweri</i> found in <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_marmot" title="Alpine marmot">Alpine marmot</a>, <i>M. marmota</i> found only in Europe in the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Tatra Mountains, northern Apennine Mountains, and reintroduced in the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_marmot" title="Black-capped marmot">Black-capped marmot</a>, <i>M. camtschatica</i> found in eastern <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobak_marmot" title="Bobak marmot">Bobak marmot</a>, <i>M. bobak</i> found from eastern Europe to central Asia</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest-steppe_marmot" title="Forest-steppe marmot">Forest-steppe marmot</a>, <i>M. kastschenkoi</i> found in south Russia<sup id="cite_ref-forest_14-1" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-forest-14">[14]</a></sup></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_marmot" title="Gray marmot">Gray marmot</a> or Altai marmot, <i>M. baibacina</i> found in Siberia</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">Groundhog</a>, woodchuck, or whistlepig, <i>M. monax</i> found in much of Canada and east of the Mississippi in northern USA</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot</a> or Tibetan snow pig, <i>M. himalayana</i> found in the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_marmot" title="Long-tailed marmot">Long-tailed marmot</a>, golden marmot, or red marmot, <i>M. caudata</i> found in central Asia</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menzbier%27s_marmot" title="Menzbier's marmot">Menzbier's marmot</a>, <i>M. menzbieri</i> found in central Asia</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbagan_marmot" title="Tarbagan marmot">Tarbagan marmot</a>, Mongolian marmot, or <i>tarvaga</i>, <i>M. sibirica</i> found in Siberia</li></ul></li> <li>Subgenus <i><b>Petromarmota</b></i> <ul><li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoary_marmot" title="Hoary marmot">Hoary marmot</a>, <i>M. caligata</i> found in northwestern North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Montana)</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_marmot" title="Olympic marmot">Olympic marmot</a>, <i>M. olympus</i> endemic to the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Peninsula" title="Olympic Peninsula">Olympic Peninsula</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, United States</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Island_marmot" title="Vancouver Island marmot">Vancouver Island marmot</a>, <i>M. vancouverensis</i> endemic to <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a>, British Columbia, Canada</li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_marmot" title="Yellow-bellied marmot">Yellow-bellied marmot</a>, <i>M. flaviventris</i> found in southwestern Canada and western United States</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Additionally, four <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> species of marmots are recognized from the fossil record: </p> <ul><li>†<i>Marmota arizonae</i>, Arizona, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></li> <li>†<i>Marmota minor</i>, Nevada, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Marmota robusta</i>, China = <i>M. himalayana</i></li> <li>†<i>Marmota vetus</i>, Nebraska, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History_and_etymology">History and etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History and etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_primigenia.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marmota_primigenia.JPG/220px-Marmota_primigenia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marmota_primigenia.JPG/330px-Marmota_primigenia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Marmota_primigenia.JPG/440px-Marmota_primigenia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1167"></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_primigenia.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Marmota primigenia</i> fossil</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacopo_Ligozzi,_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums,_1605,_NGA_139309.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg/220px-Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg/330px-Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg/440px-Jacopo_Ligozzi%2C_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums%2C_1605%2C_NGA_139309.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3132"></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacopo_Ligozzi,_A_Marmot_with_a_Branch_of_Plums,_1605,_NGA_139309.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A Marmot with a Branch of Plums, 1605 by <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Ligozzi" title="Jacopo Ligozzi">Jacopo Ligozzi</a></div></div></div> <p>Marmots have been known since antiquity. Research by the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnologist</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Peissel" title="Michel Peissel">Michel Peissel</a> claimed the story of the "<a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-digging_ant" title="Gold-digging ant">Gold-digging ant</a>" reported by the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> historian <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, who lived in the fifth century BCE, was founded on the golden <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot</a> of the Deosai Plateau and the habit of local tribes such as the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokpa" title="Brokpa">Brokpa</a> to collect the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> dust excavated from their burrows.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> Some historians believe that <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>'s <i>λέων μύρμηξ</i> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatharchides" title="Agatharchides">Agatharchides</a>'s <i>μυρμηκολέων</i>, most probably are the marmot.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> </p><p>An anatomically accurate image of a marmot was printed and distributed as early as 1605 by <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Ligozzi" title="Jacopo Ligozzi">Jacopo Ligozzi</a>, who was noted for his images of flora and fauna. </p><p>The etymology of the term "marmot" is uncertain. It may have arisen from the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-Romance</a> prefix <i>marm-</i>, meaning to mumble or murmur (an example of <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoeia</a>). Another possible origin is postclassical <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <i>mus montanus</i>, meaning "mountain mouse".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 2010, Alaska celebrates February 2 as "<a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot_Day" title="Marmot Day">Marmot Day</a>", a holiday intended to observe the prevalence of marmots in that state and take the place of <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Relationship_to_the_Black_Death">Relationship to the Black Death</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relationship to the Black Death">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>A number of historians and paleogeneticists have postulated that the <i><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis" title="Yersinia pestis">Yersinia pestis</a></i> variant that caused the pandemic that struck Eurasia in the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a> originated from a variant for which marmots in China were the <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_reservoir" title="Natural reservoir">natural reservoir</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_species">Examples of species</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples of species">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:226.66666666667px"><div style="width:226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:224.66666666667px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_flaviventris_(Yellow_Bellied_Marmot),_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg" class="image" title="Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris, Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park"><img alt="Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris, Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg/337px-Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg/505px-Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg/673px-Marmota_flaviventris_%28Yellow_Bellied_Marmot%29%2C_Yosemite_NP_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="2569"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_marmot" title="Yellow-bellied marmot">Yellow-bellied marmot</a> (<i>Marmota flaviventris</i>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuolumne_Meadows" title="Tuolumne Meadows">Tuolumne Meadows</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:101.33333333333px"><div style="width:101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:99.333333333333px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmot_princeton.JPG" class="image" title="Yellow-bellied marmot, near Princeton, British Columbia"><img alt="Yellow-bellied marmot, near Princeton, British Columbia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marmot_princeton.JPG/149px-Marmot_princeton.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marmot_princeton.JPG/224px-Marmot_princeton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Marmot_princeton.JPG/299px-Marmot_princeton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1134"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Yellow-bellied marmot, near <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton,_British_Columbia" title="Princeton, British Columbia">Princeton, British Columbia</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:177.33333333333px"><div style="width:177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:175.33333333333px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg" class="image" title="Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus)"><img alt="Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg/263px-OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg/394px-OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/OlympicMarmotImageFromNPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="320"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Olympic marmot (<i>Marmota olympus</i>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:149.33333333333px"><div style="width:149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:147.33333333333px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Groundhog,_eating.jpg" class="image" title="Groundhog (Marmota monax), Ottawa, Ontario"><img alt="Groundhog (Marmota monax), Ottawa, Ontario" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg/221px-Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg/332px-Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg/443px-Groundhog%2C_eating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="662"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog">Groundhog</a> (<i>Marmota monax</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:152px"><div style="width:152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:150px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoary_marmot2.jpg" class="image" title="Hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), Mount Rainier National Park"><img alt="Hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), Mount Rainier National Park" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hoary_marmot2.jpg/225px-Hoary_marmot2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hoary_marmot2.jpg/338px-Hoary_marmot2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Hoary_marmot2.jpg/450px-Hoary_marmot2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1389"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoary_marmot" title="Hoary marmot">Hoary marmot</a> (<i>Marmota caligata</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier National Park</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:106.66666666667px"><div style="width:106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:104.66666666667px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Alpine marmot, Vanoise National Park, French Alps"><img alt="Alpine marmot, Vanoise National Park, French Alps" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg/157px-Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg/236px-Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg/315px-Alpine_Marmot_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2267"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_marmot" title="Alpine marmot">Alpine marmot</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanoise_National_Park" title="Vanoise National Park">Vanoise National Park</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:142px"><div style="width:142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:140px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg" class="image" title="Black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica)"><img alt="Black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg/210px-Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg/315px-Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg/420px-Marmota_camtschatica_img_4973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2592"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_marmot" title="Black-capped marmot">Black-capped marmot</a> (<i>Marmota camtschatica</i>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:226px"><div style="width:226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:224px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg" class="image" title="Long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata), Kashmir"><img alt="Long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata), Kashmir" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg/336px-Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg/503px-Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg/671px-Marmota_caudata_Kashmir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="889"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_marmot" title="Long-tailed marmot">Long-tailed marmot</a> (<i>Marmota caudata</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:188.66666666667px"><div style="width:188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:186.66666666667px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg" class="image" title="Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayanus), Bhutan"><img alt="Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayanus), Bhutan" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg/280px-Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg/420px-Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg/560px-Himalayan_Marmot_at_Tshophu_Lake_Bhutan_091007_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1350"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot</a> (<i>Marmota himalayanus</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:188.66666666667px"><div style="width:188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:186.66666666667px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_baibacina.jpg" class="image" title="Gray marmot (Marmota baibacina), Altai Mountains, Kazakhstan"><img alt="Gray marmot (Marmota baibacina), Altai Mountains, Kazakhstan" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Marmota_baibacina.jpg/280px-Marmota_baibacina.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Marmota_baibacina.jpg/420px-Marmota_baibacina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Marmota_baibacina.jpg/560px-Marmota_baibacina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_marmot" title="Gray marmot">Gray marmot</a> (<i>Marmota baibacina</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:212px"><div style="width:212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:210px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marmota_sibirica_-_(Russia,_Mongolia)_-_Rochers-de-Naye,_Switzerland,_2009.JPG" class="image" title="Tarbagan marmot (Marmota sibirica), Russia and Mongolia"><img alt="Tarbagan marmot (Marmota sibirica), Russia and Mongolia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG/315px-Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG/473px-Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG/630px-Marmota_sibirica_-_%28Russia%2C_Mongolia%29_-_Rochers-de-Naye%2C_Switzerland%2C_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbagan_marmot" title="Tarbagan marmot">Tarbagan marmot</a> (<i>Marmota sibirica</i>), <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width:100.66666666667px"><div style="width:100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width:98.666666666667px"><div style="margin:0px auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steppenmurmeltier.jpg" class="image" title="Drawing of bobak marmot (Marmota bobak)"><img alt="Drawing of bobak marmot (Marmota bobak)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steppenmurmeltier.jpg/148px-Steppenmurmeltier.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steppenmurmeltier.jpg/222px-Steppenmurmeltier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steppenmurmeltier.jpg/296px-Steppenmurmeltier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="1456"></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Drawing of <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobak_marmot" title="Bobak marmot">bobak marmot</a> (<i>Marmota bobak</i>) </p> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</p><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Krystufek2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot#cite_ref-Krystufek2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Kryštufek, B.; B. Vohralík (2013). "Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias". Lynx, N. S. (Praha). 44: 27–138.

^ Armitage, KB; Wolff, JO; Sherman, PW (2007). Evolution of sociality in marmots: it begins with hibernation. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 356–367.

^ a b Cardini, A; O'Higgins, Paul (2004). "Patterns of morphological evolution in Marmota (Rodentia, Sciuridae): geometric morphometrics of the cranium in the context of marmot phylogeny, ecology, and conservation". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 82 (3): 385–407. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00367.x.

^ a b Armitage, KB; Blumstein, DT (2002). Body-mass diversity in marmots. Holarctic marmots as a factor of biodiversity. Moscow: ABF. pp. 22–32.

^ a b Edelman, AJ (2003). "Marmota olympus". Mammalian Species. 2003 (736): 1–5. doi:10.1644/736. S2CID 198129914.

^ a b Armitage, KB; Downhower, JF; Svendsen, GE (1976). "Seasonal changes in weights of marmots". American Midland Naturalist. 96 (1): 36–51. doi:10.2307/2424566. JSTOR 2424566.

^ Barash, David P. (1989). Marmots: Social Behavior and Ecology. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1534-8.

^ Hubbart, JA (2011). "Current Understanding of the Alaska Marmot (Marmota broweri): A Sensitive Species in a Changing Environment". Journal of Biology and Life Sciences. 2 (2): 6–13.

^ Murdoch, JD; Munkhzul, T; Buyandelger, S; Reading, RP; Sillero-Zubiri, C (2009). "The Endangered Siberian marmot Marmota sibirica as a keystone species? Observations and implications of burrow use by corsac foxes Vulpes corsac in Mongolia". Oryx. 43 (3): 431–434. doi:10.1017/S0030605309001100.

^ Chaudhary, V; Tripathi, RS; Singh, S; Raghuvanshi, MS (2017). "Distribution and population of Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana (Hodgson, 1841)(Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9 (11): 10886–10891. doi:10.11609/jott.3336.9.11.10886-10891.

^ Armitage, KB (1999). "Evolution of sociality in marmots". Journal of Mammalogy. 80 (1): 1–10. doi:10.2307/1383202. JSTOR 1383202.

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^ The Associated Press. "Alaska to Celebrate its First Marmot Day" Archived 2010-02-05 at the Wayback Machine, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Feb. 1, 2010. Accessed Feb. 1, 2010.

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Is a marmot and a groundhog the same thing?

Groundhogs (Marmota monax) are a type of rodent known as a marmot, and marmots are closely related to squirrels.

Are marmots friendly?

Alpine marmots are well known for their friendly dispositions. Marmota marmota lives in monogomous family groups consisting of a parental breeding pair and many of their offspring (usually 15-20 individuals). Young are very playful and all ages engage in nose to nose greetings. They care for each other by grooming.

Are there marmots in North America?

Hoary marmots are found throughout northwest North America, from Idaho to northern Alaska. Hoary marmots live in rocky talus outcrops but are also found in alpine tundra where they forage for plants. Like arctic ground squirrels, they hibernate in burrows to survive the harsh arctic winters.

Where are marmots in the US?

Yellow-bellied marmots range from southwestern Canada throughout the western United States including the Rockies, Sierra Nevada and intermountain west. They typically live in open habitats such as steppes, alpine meadows, pastures, gravel-covered fields and forest edge.