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1. Both cells are enclosed by plasma membrane filled with cytoplasm. 2. In both cell types, Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. 3. In both cell types, DNA is the genetic material. 4. In both cell types, cell wall is present (with some exceptions like animal cells where cell wall is absent). 5. In both cell types, the major bio molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. 6. The basic mechanism of DNA replication, transcription and translation is similar in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 7. Some major metabolic pathways like Glycolysis and TCA cycle are common in both cell types. 8. Similar mechanism of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) and green plants (eukaryotes). 9. In both cell types, ATP is the chemical energy “currency”. The hydrolysis of ATP releases energy that is used for cellular processes that require energy. 10. In both cell types, there are 20 standard common amino acids and genetic code is identical (with some minor exceptions) with 64 codons out of which 3 are stop codons.
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma membranes. Fungi, plants, and animals are made of eukaryotic cells (eukaryotes). Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles. All bacteria and members of Archaea are made of prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes). Table of Contents[hide][show]
Difference Between Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic CellsThe most obvious difference between them is that prokaryotes have no nuclei, but there are four major differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell:
Similarities Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic CellsFor all their differences, prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a few similarities share some common structures (due to physics and evolution), and though their DNA is different, they even share some genetic features. Both types of cells have five similarities:
Structures Found In Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic CellsAll living organisms use cellular organization to create structures to conduct life processes. Cells organize into tissues, which organize into organs, which organize into amazing life forms like plants, fungi, dogs, ducks, and people. Intracellular structures are common to both types of cells. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have:
ProkaryotesAn organism with prokaryotic cells is a prokaryote. Prokaryotic organisms get their names from the Greek roots, pro (before) and karyon (nut or kernel). This roughly means they are cells with structures so simple that they came from a time before a cell's nucleus existed. The three domains of life, Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea, include two branches that are prokaryotes:
Only the domain, Eukaryota, has eukaryotic cells. Examples of archaea include Crenarchaeota (living in extreme acidity or temperatures) and Euryarchaeota (living in salty water or producing methane). Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic cells are extremely small, much smaller than eukaryotic cells. A typical prokaryotic cell is of a size ranging from 0.1 microns (mycoplasma bacteria) to 5.0 microns. 1 micron or micrometer, μm, is one-thousandth of a millimeter or one-millionth of a meter. Anywhere from 200 to 10,000 prokaryotic cells could fit on the head of a pin. Their small size makes prokaryotic cells just one half to one-thousandth the size of a eukaryotic cell, which is typically between 10 and 100 μm. One amazing prokaryotic outlier is Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacterium ever discovered, coming in at a whopping 100 to 300 μm. That is large enough to see in a light microscope. Prokaryotic OrganellesProkaryotes have no organelles in their cells! All the equivalent functions of eukaryotic cells are performed by four structures: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material (both rDNA and DNA). Facts About Prokaryotic Cells
EukaryotesFungi, plants, protista, and all animals (including humans) are eukaryotes. We are all built with eukaryotic cells. The word eukaryote comes from two Greek roots, eu (good, well), and karyon (nut, kernel), so a eukaryote has a well-defined or “good” nucleus (kernel) in its cells. Eukaryotes CellsEukaryotic cells have nuclei and organelles, which immediately sets them apart from prokaryotic cells. The organelles in eukaryotic cells act as tiny membrane-bound compartments performing all the functions of life in the cell: energy acquisition and transfer, digestion, waste management, reproduction, and cellular respiration. Some of these eukaryotic cell organelles are:
Size Of Eukaryotic CellsIn general, eukaryotic cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells. One eukaryotic cell could be double to 1,000 times the size of a prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells measure between 10 µm and 100 µm, which means you could barely see them with a standard school light microscope. Eukaryote Characteristics
QuizCell biology can be tricky stuff, so check your understanding by answering these questions.
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What are 4 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Both types of cells have five similarities: Both types of cells carry on all the necessary functions of life (adaptation through evolution, cellular organization, growth and development, heredity, homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, and response to stimuli).
What are the similarities and differences between a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?Comparison chart. What are three similarities between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?5. In both cell types, the major bio molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. 6. The basic mechanism of DNA replication, transcription and translation is similar in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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