How do siderophores contribute in bacterial virulence?

Q: What is siderophore and why is it important for bacteria and fungi?

Siderophores (Greek: iron carrier) are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated.

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Siderophores: Importance in bacterial pathogenesis and applications in medicine and industry
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How do siderophores function as virulence factors?
How are siderophores important to bacteria?
What is siderophore and why is it important for bacteria and fungi?
How do bacteria increase virulence?

Siderophores: Importance in bacterial pathogenesis and applications in medicine and industry

Behnoush Khasheii et al. Microbiol Res. 2021 Sep.

Free article

Abstract

Iron is an essential element for all microorganisms. Siderophores are low-weight, high-affinity iron chelating molecules produced in response to iron deficiency by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which also known as essential virulence factors of bacteria. Several studies have indicated that defective production and/or function of these molecules as well as iron acquisition systems in pathogens are associated with a reduction in pathogenicity of bacteria. Because of their potential role in various biological pathways, siderophores have been received special attention as secondary metabolites. Siderophores can detect iron levels in a variety of environments with a biosensor function. In medicine, siderophores are used to deliver antibiotics (Trojan horse strategy) to resistant bacteria and to treat diseases such as cancer and malaria. In this review, we discuss the iron acquisition pathways in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, importance of siderophore production in pathogenesis of bacteria, classification of siderophores, and main applications of siderophores in medicine and industry.

Keywords: Cancer; Industry; Iron; Medicine; Pathogenesis; Siderophore; Trojan horse.

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Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

How do siderophores function as virulence factors?

Siderophores have a well-documented role as iron-scavenging chemicals, chelating iron ions in the environment whereupon the ferrisiderophores reenter the bacterial cells by means of specific cell-surface receptors. The iron is then released for incorporation into bacterial proteins.

How are siderophores important to bacteria?

ABSTRACT. Siderophores are small molecular iron chelators that are produced by microbes and whose most notable function is to sequester iron from the host and provide this essential metal nutrient to microbes.

What is siderophore and why is it important for bacteria and fungi?

Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated.

How do bacteria increase virulence?

As the bacteria encounter an increasing specific immune response from the host, the bacterial surface antigens are altered by mutation, and the progeny, which are no longer recognized by the immune response, express renewed virulence.