How many valence electrons are in indium?

Crystal Structure of Indium

The solid state structure of Indium is Centered Tetragonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

abc

325.23 pm	325.23 pm	494.61 pm

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

alphabetagamma

π/2	π/2	π/2

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Indium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Indium atoms have 49 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2P1/2.

Bohr Atomic Model of Indium - Electrons per energy level

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Indium - neutral Indium atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Indium

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Indium atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. The portion of Indium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5s2 5p1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Indium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Indium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p1

Electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as per the order determined by the Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule.

As per the Aufbau principle the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals. According to this principle, electrons are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p…

The Pauli exclusion principle states that a maximum of two electrons, each having opposite spins, can fit in an orbital.

Hund's rule states that every orbital in a given subshell is singly occupied by electrons before a second electron is filled in an orbital.

Atomic Structure of Indium

Indium atomic radius is 156 pm, while it's covalent radius is 144 pm.

Atomic Radius Calculated	156 pm (1.56 Å)
Atomic Radius Empirical	155 pm (1.55 Å)
Atomic Volume	15.707 cm3/mol
Covalent Radius	144 pm (1.44 Å)
Van der Waals Radius	193 pm
Neutron Cross Section	194
Neutron Mass Absorption	0.06

Atomic Spectrum of Indium

Indium Chemical Properties: Indium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Indium is 28.9 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Indium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Indium

Ionization energy numberEnthalpy - kJ/mol

1st	558.3
2nd	1820.7
3rd	2704
4th	5210

Indium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Indium Physical Properties

Density	7.31 g/cm3(when liquid at m.p density is $7.02 g/cm3)
Molar Volume	15.707 cm3/mol

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Indium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Indium Electrical Properties

Indium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties ofIndium

Indium Heat and Conduction Properties

Indium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Indium

Acoustic Properties of Indium

Indium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Indium

Enthalpies of Indium

Indium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Indium

Indium has 39 isotopes, with between 97 and 135 nucleons. Indium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Indium - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 113In.

IsotopeZNIsotope Mass% AbundanceT halfDecay Mode

97In	49	48	97	Synthetic
98In	49	49	98	Synthetic
99In	49	50	99	Synthetic
100In	49	51	100	Synthetic
101In	49	52	101	Synthetic
102In	49	53	102	Synthetic
103In	49	54	103	Synthetic
104In	49	55	104	Synthetic
105In	49	56	105	Synthetic
106In	49	57	106	Synthetic
107In	49	58	107	Synthetic
108In	49	59	108	Synthetic
109In	49	60	109	Synthetic
110In	49	61	110	Synthetic
111In	49	62	111	Synthetic
112In	49	63	112	Synthetic
113In	49	64	113	4.29%	Stable	N/A
114In	49	65	114	Synthetic
115In	49	66	115	95.71%	Stable
116In	49	67	116	Synthetic
117In	49	68	117	Synthetic
118In	49	69	118	Synthetic
119In	49	70	119	Synthetic
120In	49	71	120	Synthetic
121In	49	72	121	Synthetic
122In	49	73	122	Synthetic
123In	49	74	123	Synthetic
124In	49	75	124	Synthetic
125In	49	76	125	Synthetic
126In	49	77	126	Synthetic
127In	49	78	127	Synthetic
128In	49	79	128	Synthetic
129In	49	80	129	Synthetic
130In	49	81	130	Synthetic
131In	49	82	131	Synthetic
132In	49	83	132	Synthetic
133In	49	84	133	Synthetic
134In	49	85	134	Synthetic
135In	49	86	135	Synthetic

Does indium have 5 valence electrons?

How many electrons does indium have?

How many unpaired electrons does indium have?

How do you calculate valence electrons?